Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) are an efficient alternative to LSTMs for sequential data modeling. This in-depth guide explains why GRUs exist, how their reset and update gates control memory, and walks through detailed numerical examples and intuitive analogies to help you truly understand how GRUs work internally.

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks solve the limitations of traditional RNNs through a powerful gating mechanism. This article explains how the Forget, Input, and Output gates work internally, breaking down the math, vector dimensions, and intuition behind cell states and hidden states. A deep, implementation-level guide for serious deep learning practitioners.

Recurrent Neural Networks are designed for sequential data, yet they suffer from critical training issues. This article explains the long-term dependency and exploding gradient problems in RNNs using clear intuition, mathematical insight, and practical solutions like gradient clipping and LSTM.

This guide explains the major types of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architectures based on how they map inputs to outputs. It covers Many-to-One, One-to-Many, and Many-to-Many (Seq2Seq) models, along with practical examples such as sentiment analysis, image captioning, POS tagging, NER, and machine translation, helping you understand when and why each architecture is used.

This definitive guide explains why sequential data requires Recurrent Neural Networks, explores the limitations of ANNs, and walks through RNN data formats, architecture, and forward propagation in detail.